Collective Pitch Control Lever

The collective pitch lever is used to increase or decrease total rotor thrust. The lever is fitted to the left hand side of the pilot and co-pilot crew seats, like all flying controls its operation is instinctive, pulling the lever upwards increases the pitch on all main rotor blades by the same amount at the same time, and therefore increases total rotor thrust. Pushing the lever downwards will decrease the pitch angle on all main rotor blades by the same amount at the same time, decreasing total rotor thrust.

As its name suggests the collective control is usually in the form of a lever, that is a bar or pole secured at one end and operating through an arc, however, there are variations. One helicopter for example uses a lever mounted vertically, rather than horizontally which operates with a push/pull action, another has a collective control mounted vertically through the cockpit floor moving vertically up and down. Although the term collective pitch lever is widely used there are variations between helicopter types, other common names for this control are simply Collective, Thrust Lever or Thrust Control.

The collective control is usually mounted onto a torque tube, sometimes referred to as a lay shaft. The torque tube is fitted into bearings secured to the structure which allow it to rotate as the collective pitch levers are moved up and down. This type of installation provides two main benefits firstly it allows both collective pitch levers to be joined together, ensuring that they both move whether operated from the pilot or co-pilot position. Secondly, a torque shaft will convert the rotary into linear movement, providing a pushing or pulling movement onto the control system.

Push/pull tubes are connected to a lever fitted onto the torque shaft, these transmit collective lever movement into the collective pitch control system. These movements are fed to the controls mixing unit, before being sent to the main rotor control actuators or servos.In most helicopters a switch box is fitted onto the end of the collective lever, which houses switches and controls for important systems, such as rescue hoists, searchlights and engine trim controls. 

This ensures that these important controls are always readily to hand and can be operated without the need for the pilot of co-pilot to remove their left hand from the collective pitch lever, especially during critical phases of flight, such as hovering.

However, there will be times when the flight crew must remove their left hand from the collective lever, to prevent the lever from lowering and thus reducing total rotor thrust a friction device is fitted. The friction device may be a simple clamp device fitted to the torque tube

Cyclic Pitch Control Stick

The cyclic pitch stick is positioned centrally in front of the pilot & co-pilots seats, and is used to tilt the disc, causing the helicopter to move horizontally in any direction. Like all other flight controls it operation is purely instinctive, moving the cyclic pitch stick forwards will tilt the disc forwards, and the helicopter will move forwards, moving the cyclic stick rearwards has the opposite effect. Movement of the cyclic stick to left or right, will cause the helicopter to move in that direction. 

The cyclic pitch stick is pivoted at its lower end and is connected to 2 push/pull tubes, one transmitting left/right (roll) movements and the other fore and aft (pitch) movements. A yoke assembly allows these movements to be made independently so that only roll or pitch inputs may be made without causing movement of the other, however, simultaneous roll and pitch movements can be made if required.

In fore and aft movement, one push/pull tube transmits movements to the control mixing unit, Side to side movements operate 2 push/pull rods which operate in opposite directions, when the cyclic stick is moved to the left one rod will move forwards and the other rearwards, when the stick is moved to the right the opposite will occur. This is required because there are 2 lateral (roll) main rotor actuators which must operate in opposition to achieve lateral control, whereas, fore and aft pitch movements are achieved by only one main rotor actuator, that uses the fixed or non-rotating scissors as a datum point about which movements are made.

Like the collective pitch lever, the cyclic stick grip will incorporate switches for operation of important systems, these are normally associated with control trimming, autoflight or autostabilisation, cargo release and communication systems.