PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATIONS
Prior to flight the aircraft should be inspected to ensure it is free from deposits of frost, ice and snow and when necessary an approved de-icing fluid should be used.
The method of treatment will depend upon environmental conditions and whether the deposit is either ice, frost, snow or slush.
FROST DEPOSIT, METHOD OF TREATMENT
This is best removed using a product called Kilfrost ABC and can be either applied by spray or brush hand method, one application is usually sufficient and should be applied within 2 hours of flight.
Care should be exercised with glazed panels and new paintwork.
Alcohol based fluids are particularly prone to the ‘washing out’ of oils and greases from bearings resulting in an ingress of moisture which could subsequently freeze and jam controls.
ICE AND SNOW DEPOSIT, METHOD OF TREATMENT
Wet snow should be removed using a brush or ‘squeegee’ while light and dry snow can be removed using compressed air.
It is not advisable to use a hot blower owing to the possibility of wet snow freezing.
Moderate to heavy ice and residual frozen snow should be removed with a de-icing fluid and in some instances it may be necessary to spray the aircraft just prior to departure.
Care should also be exercised to prevent fluid from contaminating the aircraft windscreen and cabin windows.
COLD FLUID SPRAY METHOD OF DE-ICING
This is the simplest method, however in severe conditions several applications are sometimes necessary, making the operation less cost effective.
The fluid is normally sprayed by hand from a container either pressurised by air or fitted with a hand pump.
This method is used mainly in emergencies or at small airports.
HOT FLUID SPRAY METHOD OF DE-ICING
A static unit containing water and de-icing fluid is heated. This mixture is then pumped to a mobile unit which houses a tank, pump and a hydraulically operated boom mounted on a platform and several spray lances.
Hot fluid is pumped from the static unit to the insulated tank on the mobile unit, the proportions of water and fluid being adjusted to suit prevailing weather conditions.
Normal spray temperatures of 70'C and a pressure of 700 kN/mm2 are obtained.
This heat when transferred to the aircraft skin, breaks the ice bond and large areas of ice may be flushed away using the side of the nozzle. Fluid remaining on the aircraft skin being only slightly diluted is effective in preventing ice reforming.
HOT AIR METHOD
This consists of a hot air blower and is only suitable for frost deposits, care must be taken to ensure residual water is removed on completion of the defrosting.
